“First to file” and “first to use” are two rules that countries apply to determine the time of having rights with a trademark in practice.
“First to file” is a recognized rule used in applying trademark in Japan. It means that if there are two or more applications for trademarks which are identical with or insignificantly different from each other, including identical or the same goods/services and identical or similar elements presented on trademark, the first application applied will be accepted for trademark registration in Japan and other people shall not file and have rights with this trademark. There are some countries which use the rule “first to file”. For example, they are Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, South Korea, Canada, Thailand, the EU, Indonesia, China, Philippines.etc. By the contrary, some countries such as America, Australia used the rule “first to use”.
Therefore, the holder should file their trademark application in Japan as soon as possible to have exclusive rights with their trademark.


